Air Asia: Dead Bird Flying
Can Anwar’s government survive its scandalous past?
Will AirAsia’s reported collapse expose decades of government complicity in funding illicit, unreported Chinese-linked businesses at the expense of Malay public funds, while Malays are blamed for shortfalls and non-Malays are praised as “hardworking” despite discrimination?
Will Anwar’s government now widen its probes beyond AirAsia to the real culprit, or only bully the easy target, Tabung Haji?
AIR ASIA-DEAD BIRD FLYING
THE GHOSTS OF BANK BUMIPUTERA HONG KONG- NON MALAY IN ALL BUT NAME
Tony Fernandez was once regarded as one of Dr Mahathir’s “blue-eyed boys,” an industrious entrepreneur and visionary whose start-ups promised to redefine Malaysia’s economic landscape.
For a time, Fernandez’s promise was genuine. Yet it ultimately devolved into a spectacular frolic of its own, a series of high-risk gambles that defiled the very principles of prudent business management. Today, as AirAsia’s share price collapses, the public may be forgiven for wondering how many saw the descent coming.
The question is not whether those with eyes were present, but whether the warning signs were heeded, or whether regulatory complacency and deeper structural rot, a culture of Malaysia’s Mahathir/Anwar era, rendered them irrelevant.
FROM NATIONAL HERO TO MORAL HAZZARD
It is only fair to concede that Tony Fernandez has been economical with the truth in this and previous crisis. The precise moment of insolvency may well have been inevitable, yet it was not of his sole making. The war in Iran and the global financial turbulence that now engulfs the world are, at least in part, exogenous shocks. Even so, one may fairly ask whether his own imprudent choices, particularly his failure to hedge against volatile fuel prices or the secondary low-value currencies in which he transacted, primed the airline for catastrophe.
A chartered accountant (which he is one) who neglects the basics of risk mitigation in a commodity market of such volatility does not merely err; he courts moral hazard. Those accountants, whoever they are including of course Fernandez himself and his directors, should be held to account and, if their negligence is proven, which can’t be too difficult, dismissed with all dispatch.
REGULATORY OVERSIGHT FAILURES IN MALAYSIA IS THE RULE-NOT THE EXCEPTION
The deeper malaise, however, lies not with any single individual but with the institutional architecture that permitted such folly. The Malaysian Bursa, long captured by brokers like TA securities and other Chinese-led barons whose reputations for market rigging extend beyond national borders, has historically tolerated corporate leviathans leaping regulatory fences with impunity.
Governments of the day, especially those entrusted with oversight of corporate law and the statutory bodies under their jurisdiction, appear either complicit or tragically unsuited to the task. This is not a new phenomenon; it echoes the banking and financial crisis of the early 1990s, when stewardship of the Ministry of Finance under Anwar Ibrahim produced the very governance failures that still scar the collective memory. Another Bank Bumiputera Hong Kong, Chinese in everything but name.
Statutory institutions such as Tabung Haji, SOCSO, EPF, Bank Negara Malaysia, MAVCOM, and the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission have, for decades, been permitted to retain penalties and levies as discretionary revenue. This culture of self-perpetuating autonomy has created a parallel ecosystem in which accountability is routinely subordinated to convenience. And dipping into it for personal gain by well connected corporate cowboys has been the practice.
The ongoing Tabung Haji inquiry is, at best, a red herring, a distraction from the structural rot that has been tolerated with astonishing indifference.
A HISTORY OF FUNDING PRIVATE ENTERPRISE AT PUBLIC EXPENSE
Tony Fernandez’s dispute with the Malaysian Airports Authority, now exceeding US$200 million, illustrates the point with chilling clarity. As the precedent set by other institutional creditors demonstrates, negotiation rather than confrontation has long been the preferred exit strategy for Malaysian corporate cowboys. Without public oversight or forensic audit, such arrangements are rarely subjected to scrutiny.
A closer examination of the financial webs surrounding figures such as Jeffrey Cheah, the Tan family, Lim Kok Wing, Anand Krishnan, the Kuoks, and Yeoh Tiong Lay would reveal a pattern that is almost embarrassingly consistent: statutory funds earmarked for the Malay majority, those constitutionally entrusted with their welfare, channeled through opaque, multi-jurisdictional vehicles in the Cayman Islands, Jersey, Cyprus, and the Bahamas, ultimately benefiting mainly Chinese- and some non Chinese-linked entrepreneurs while the public narrative still conflates Malay ownership with fiscal irresponsibility.
MONEY FOR JAM AND A TAINTED WHITE KNIGHT IN BATIK
His entry into food delivery and ride-hailing ventures, financed by AirAsia shareholders rather than his own capital, was another egregious misallocation that regulatory authorities should have detected and arrested.
The same institutional inertia that allowed Branson’s 2014 departure to be downplayed also permitted overdue statutory filings to accumulate, with the Bursa failing to suspend trading in AirAsia shares. The proposed rescue via Batik Air, whose parent Lion Air operates in a jurisdiction notorious for regulatory capture, is less a solution than an arsonist being invited to extinguish the blaze.
Airbus’s continued extension of favourable financing terms, ostensibly to counter Boeing in a market death-struggle, now appears less commercial than strategic.
Confidential reports suggest that, under the Mahathir administration, statutory bodies were directed to extend off-the-books guarantees, mirroring arrangements previously extended to YTL, the Tiongs, the Wongs of Sarawak, Eric Cheah, and Jho Low’s father.
In the post-Mahathir era, Anwar Ibrahim cannot expect the same benevolent neutrality; the architects of regime-change narratives have a documented habit of discarding hot potatoes once their utility expires.
MALAYSIAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE FAILURES: A STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Corporate governance, defined as the system by which corporations are directed and controlled, rests on three interlocking pillars: transparency, accountability, and fiduciary duty. In Malaysia, these pillars have been consistently undermined by a confluence of institutional design flaws, political patronage, regulatory capture, and cultural tolerance for opacity. The result is not isolated scandals but a systemic pattern that has repeatedly transferred risk from powerful interests to vulnerable stakeholders, retail investors, pensioners, haj pilgrims, and ultimately the public purse.
As of September 2026, Tony Fernandes’ AirAsia episode serves as a contemporary microcosm: an entrepreneur once hailed as a Mahathir-era “blue-eyed boy” whose venture, primed by imprudent risk exposure and shielded by regulatory inertia, now teeters on the brink of collapse. Yet the crisis is less the fault of any single tycoon than of a governance architecture that has normalized corporate cowboys at the expense of long-term resilience.
The King calls for an end to corruption. Yet it sits under the regulators nose- shielded from his view by distractions such as the manufactured 1MDB matter and a contrived public outrage over the pardon of a jailed former Prime Minister in a show trial.
CAN ANWAR ALLOW AIR ASIA TO FAIL AND REVEAL THE MOUNTAIN OF MALAY FUNDS DIVERTED TO NON MALAY BUSINESSES?
If AirAsia collapses, and collapse now appears the most probable outcome, it will not merely erase the fortunes of a single tycoon. It will expose the systemic fragility of a governance model that has normalized the transfer of public capital into private risk without corresponding accountability. That failure will reverberate upward, hastening the erosion of Anwar Ibrahim’s already tenuous coalition and emboldening PAS and the more nationalist currents within UMNO as credible alternatives to a government reduced to managing its own dwindling legitimacy.
The barometer has shifted. The question is whether Malaysia’s institutions are finally ready to confront the rot they have long allowed to accumulate, or whether they will once again settle for convenient narratives and deferred accountability. Anwar is caught between the devil and the deep blue sea. His own history into this mess has its genesis in and before the Banking and Financial crisis of 1990-1991 in Malaysia and his support of a distraction in 1MDB. The Chickens are coming home to roost.
The Malaysian Bar- As a Political Entity is Not Independent
Misunderstanding The Royal Pardon
NAJIB FREE IF HE AGREES TO BE BOUND
Najib Razak
A PRELUDE TO THE END – A REVERSE PARDONS PLEA – TURNING THE TABLES ON HIS ACCUSERS
Datuk Seri Najib Razak will remain detained until he consents to a sweeping waiver that extinguishes his right to pursue accountability against a constellation of former prime ministers, civil servants, parliamentarians, lawyers, and media figures who knowingly conspired to ensnare him within the labyrinthine 1MDB scandal.
Each of these individuals did not merely acquiesce; they actively abetted the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) and allied regime-change architects in engineering the entire narrative, framing the indictment, scripting the indictment itself, and orchestrating the legal and public destruction of Malaysia’s sovereignty.
NO SURRENDER-NO WAIVER-NO IMMUNITY FOR THE CONSPIRATORS
Their complicity forms but one thread in a far larger tapestry of Western regime-change operations, wherein financial and political instruments are deployed to topple governments that refuse to bend to external agendas. To yield to such a waiver would be to surrender not only his liberty, but the moral and historical record of an entire epoch of foreign interference.
It is further documented that witnesses whose disappearance during the proceedings was not accidental, among them Jho Low, Jasmine Loo, and other pivotal figures in the 1MDB saga, were deliberately withheld from the witness box despite the authorities’ full knowledge of their whereabouts.
They will now be elevated to the roster of immunity seekers. It is a prerequisite for the pardon’s board to ratify the addendum that would liberate Datuk Seri Najib from prison, allowing him to serve the remainder of his sentence under house arrest. If the condition has not yet been put to him, it will be.
These conditions are not arbitrary; they are the deliberate, capricious, calculated terms of a bargain engineered in bad faith to shield the architects and facilitators of the indictment from exposure, thereby preserving an entire edifice of foreign-orchestrated regime change at the cost of justice.
HELL HATH NO FURY LIKE A TRUMP SCORNED-THE US LEAKS BEFORE THE MID TERMS
As the United States grapples with the protracted convulsions of its ill-fated campaign against Iran now entering its seventh month the domestic political fracture between the Trump-aligned and anti-Trump factions, encompassing even segments of the Democratic establishment, is intensifying amid a cascade of revelations that brand the Democrats with a litany of illicit machinations rooted in their foreign-policy precedents under Clinton and Obama.
At the heart of this indictment lies a sustained campaign of regime destabilization across a dozen nations: Malaysia, Iran, Libya, Thailand, Myanmar, Ukraine’s Orange Revolution, Serbia, and a broader constellation of targets engineered to fracture sovereign order in service of external influence.
SILENCE FROM THE NAJIB CAMP
Leaks originating from the US and its government funded NED, identify in many documents, specially those that identify locals who acted as Trojans of the US and NED and the infrastructure that supported each of them in setting up Najib in Malaysia and abroad.
Although DS Najib’s lawyers have neither acknowledged the existence of these conditions or said anything else about it, it exists.
What DS Najib’s team has continued to remain silent about is the fact they were white anted by a trusted ally (and the ally’s network) whose existence they are in denial about.
WHAT WILL THE TABUNG HAJI INQUIRY UNEARTH
It is no secret that public-fund mismanagement has long been a lamentable feature of Malaysia’s governance, from the era of Tunku Abdul Rahman and Hussein Onn, through Mahathir Mohamad’s long premiership, to the time of Najib Razak. Yet the corruption that crystallized and metastasized during Najib’s prime ministership was not an organic outgrowth of that legacy; it was deliberately contrived and executed by actors within that very administration, who then pinned the blame upon him.
The empirical record of institutional graft at the scale that is embedded in the annals of pre Najib governments, stands in stark contradiction to any narrative that could justify the systematic defamation and judicial incarceration of the former prime minister in what amounts to a meticulously staged show trial.
It would be interesting to see how deep, how wide the terms of reference to any investigation into the Tabung Haji losses will go. There is not a single Malaysian muti billionaire from Robert Kuok, Anand Krishnan, Wee Hood Teck, Jeffrey Cheah, Tan Kuay Fong, Vincent Tan and others like them who did not benefit from otherwise unauthorized and improperly secured loans from Malaysian institutions like Tabung Haji, the EPF, either directly or through diversion to their benefit and to the detriment to stakeholders in those funds.
The Bank Bumiputera scandal was not a once off incident. Illegally funding private businesses with public funds began with Tunku Abdul Rahman, the the Genting Group and flourished, metastasizing like a cancer during the Anwar Mahathir years. The money flow ran into the billions of dollars.
HANNAH YEOH-INAPPROPRIATE CONFLICTED AND BIASED
It is profoundly suspicious and ethically indefensible for Hannah Yeoh to preside over any tribunal that seeks to discredit, judge, or determine the fate of Najib Razak. Her longstanding ties to an anti-Malay, pro-Western network, comprising Evangelical Christian lobbies that masquerade as houses of worship and figures such as the disgraced Julie Bishop disqualifies her from any impartial statutory body that will decide DS Najib’s fate.
Julie Bishop was the former deputy prime minister and foreign minister of Australia, more recently forced out from her position as Chancellor of the Australian National University. She has been a fervent advocate of regime change who accepted illicit funding from a Chinese intelligence operative, all $250,000 of it without consequence. Her long association with Hannah Yeoh renders Hannah Yeoh’s direct association with Bishop and her anti Najib activities an overt conflict of interest, rendering her impartiality a mere facade.
Unmasking Authors of Regime Change
Bridget Welsh and the Architecture of Foreign Influence in Malaysian Discourse
From her privileged perch at a right wing pro colonialist Taiwanese university, Bridget Welsh continues to dispense a steady stream of tendentious, nefarious commentary on Malaysian affairs in the name of academic writing and research. Much of it coloured and colourable.
Generously sustained by funding streams associated with the United States’ National Endowment for Democracy (NED) and allied networks, her output supplies rhetorical scaffolding for unregistered political parties such as Bersih and a constellation of like-minded ‘non-governmental organizations’ from C4 to the Malaysian Bar and its Judiciary.
These entities are coached to articulate a vision of “Reform” and “Democracy” that aligns closely with external prescriptions for a more pliable Southeast Asian political order that suits the wild oats of American Hegemony.
Others still like former Australian Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Julie Bishop, recently sacked from her job as Chancellor of Australian National University has been actively involved in Regime Change in South East Asia, whilst compromised having secretly accepted part of a $750,000 payment from a Chinese government spy posing as a developer businessman in Sydney.
HOW THE WEST WAS LOST- HOLLOW MINDS-ECHO CHAMBERS
The irony is both inescapable and instructive. Welsh’s own republic, the United States, wrestles with profound institutional erosion, the specter of chaotic authoritarianism, and what many regard as the progressive unraveling of democratic norms.
Her gospels on governance and democracy remains animated by a residual warmongering disposition, redolent of an earlier age, the spirit of Operation Condor and of Indonesia’s Gerakan Tiga Puluh September (Gestapu), long before the advent of Trump. Yet the moral implications of her own activities remain curiously opaque to an intellect that has been hollowed out.
Welsh’s critique, scripted by her patrons and labs in Washington is a leadership stratum seemingly incapable of candour, rigorous analysis, or the competent stewardship of national security, economic vitality, social cohesion, or the rule of law. Yet they continue with their crusade in South East Asia with their ideas of “Democracy” and “Freedoms” whatever that means in their doctrines and definitions.
POLITICS WITHOUT MORALITY OR DIRECTION – MUSCLE AND MONEY
From the Robber Barons to the five New York crime families, from Wall Street’s investment houses to the successive occupants of the Oval Office: Kennedy, Nixon, Kissinger, Reagan, Bush, Clinton, Obama, Trump, private interest has consistently harnessed public power.
Foreign policy became the instrument of predation; the military-industrial complex and organized crime the quiet partners. Each administration, regardless of party, enlarged the spoils while serving the lobbies that actually ruled.
A government of the people, by the people, for the people? The question remains: which people?
There was and is nothing ‘democratic’ about the US except an illusion of the concept which they continue to fool their proxies in places like Malaysia, Myanmar and the Ukraine with.
Professor James Chin a Former Sarawakian Chinese Communist Sympathiser to Pro USA Regime Changer
Yet from this elevated vantage, Welsh and her cohort, among them James Chin, the self-anointed Malaysia Specialist at the University of Tasmania; the so-called “Southeast Asia Specialists” ensconced at the Australian National University; Dr. Patricia Yeoh of the now thoroughly discredited Nottingham University campus in Kuala Lumpur; and Ambiga Sreenivasan of the Malaysian Bar, presume to deliver lectures to the Malaysian capital on the imperatives of justice and democracy. Their prescriptions, however, resonate less with the hard-won practices of genuine liberal order than with the hollow, authoritarian parody of democracy once championed by Saddam Hussein.
Patricia Yeoh an Incessant Critic of Malay Majority Government in Malaysia and recipient of American and British Regime Change Largesse
In their telling, a “mature” Malaysian democracy would grant expanded latitude to Kuomintang-aligned pro American, British, Australian and French hegemons, including the license to disrupt general elections, delegitimize transparent democratic processes, and accelerate the placement of ideological fellow-travelers from the legislature to the bar to the bench.
JOHOR ELECTION ANAYSIS – MORE THAN A NEAR MISS
Welsh’s pre-election prognostications on Johor, characteristically freighted with anti-Malay animus and advocacy for her Bersih, Regime Change clients, collapsed under the weight of actual voter sentiment. Such failures have done little to temper the confidence with which these voices issue prescriptions.
Anwar Ibrahim, having ascended to high office with material and moral support from the same transnational network, finds himself constrained. Though swift to wield digital weapons against domestic critics, he cannot readily muzzle Welsh and her fellow regime-change fellow travelers. To do so would be to repudiate the very ecosystem that facilitated his own rise, an ecosystem nourished by NED resources, neoconservative circles, and Western conservative networks orbiting Washington.
RE DISCOVERING MALAY RIGHTS AND RE CLAIMING MALAY SOVEREIGNTY
The gathering anxiety within these funded civil society precincts is palpable. As increasing numbers of Malays rediscover political agency, cultural confidence, and electoral cohesion through UMNO and allied platforms, the prospect of genuine majoritarian assertion looms. Should such consolidation prevail, the legal architecture may finally be restored to literal effect.
SEDITION-TREASON AND SUBVERSION
Sedition and treason could once again command penalties commensurate with their gravity in most sovereign states, ranging from capital punishment or life imprisonment.
The Internal Security Act could return to the statute books. Malaysia might align more squarely with its ASEAN neighbors in asserting cultural and linguistic primacy. Such a move could result in elevating Malay not merely as the national language but as the operative lingua franca, restricting public use of foreign names, scripts, vernacular schools, overt foreign cultural displays, flags, and languages in the public square.
Such measures are standard across Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Only Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei have extended exceptional forbearance, a generosity that has rarely been reciprocated.
WELSH THE MOTHERSHIP ‘NED’ AND THE SOROS FOUNDATION
NH Chan an Unabashed Anti Malay whose Morality and Personal Social Habits Rendered him Vulnerable – a Perfect “Useful Idiot” for Regime Changers
Welsh rose to prominence on platforms underwritten by Washington, London, Paris, and Berlin. She and her cohort have laboured assiduously to embed Reformasi-era narratives, often anti-Malay in tenor, within the Malaysian judiciary and legal profession. Many jurists and senior lawyers, susceptible to intellectual fashion and institutional pressure, proved receptive. The result has been a judicial and professional culture marked by notable unreliability, allegations of corruption and moral malleability.
Lau Bee Lian- An Ideal Pick for Regime Change -Compromised by her Evangelical Zeal Whilst presiding Over the “Allah” Case
Welsh recruited local collaborators for her missions in Malaysia from among its judiciary. These included the late and notably brash NH Chan, former Attorney-General Tommy Thomas, former Court of Appeal Justice’s Gopal Sri Ram, Justice Salleh Abbas, Justice Low Bee Lian, Justice Dato’ Mohd Nazlan bin Mohamad Ghazali, together with several others like the former Chief Justice of Malaysia whose indoctrination and recruitment was more subtle and indirect.
Gopal Sri Ram-A Judge who Breached More than the Separation of Powers Doctrine–A Perfect Fit
Many of these judges failed to understand the perils of being drawn into a vortex of treasonous conduct surrounding regime change conduct, artfully channeled through the seemingly honorable proxies of that enterprise; among them, academics, lawyers, and journalists. Still more recognized full well, both the predetermined trajectory of the trials over which they presided and the outcomes those proceedings were destined to yield. Yet they yielded to the fleeting, illusory gratification of the moment.
AN EXCUTIVE DECISION – BUT CAN A LEOPARD EVER CHANGE ITS SPOTS?
The US government of Donald Trump has made it clear that it will not continue to fund the NED and other foreign political adventures of previous governments, specifically identifying, Clinton, Obama and Joe Biden administrations as the cause of the US’s difficulties in South East Asia. They have begun to cut and run as they have always done when foreign policy disasters loom as they did in Myanmar, Iran, Egypt, Ukraine and Afghanistan.
The deeper contest is not merely partisan but civilizational: whether Malaysia will define its democracy according to the lived realities and demographic majorities of its people, or according to templates imported and subsidized from distant capitals.
The resurgence of Malay political self-awareness (sans the likes of Syed Saddique or Khairy Jamaluddin (who abandoned ship when UMNO was defeated in 2018) suggests that the long era of asymmetrical generosity may be drawing to a close.
A CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS OF THE BAR’S OWN MAKING
The Malaysian Constitution, Royal Prerogative, and the Limits of Judicial Review:
REFLECTIONS ON THE NAJIB PARDONS BOARD CONTROVERSY:
As the Malaysian courts deliberate the Malaysian Bar’s attempt to challenge, by way of judicial review, the Federal Territories Pardons Board’s decision to reduce the penalties, including imprisonment and fines, imposed upon Datuk Seri Najib Razak, fundamental questions of constitutional architecture, institutional standing, and the residual powers of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong present themselves with unusual clarity.
These questions are rendered more acute by a structural feature of Malaysian constitutionalism that is too rarely acknowledged: the Federal Constitution supplies no interpretive code, no statutory hierarchy of principles, and no authoritative canon of construction.
In the absence of such guidance, courts oscillate unpredictably between treating constitutional provisions as ordinary statutes subject to literalism and deploying expansive, purposive readings that effectively rewrite the text. The result is a jurisprudence that is neither consistently restrained nor consistently bold, and therefore difficult for citizens, practitioners, and even the institutions themselves to anticipate.
THE MALAYSIAN BAR’S STANDING – CONFLICTED BY ANY DEFINITION
The Bar’s application raises, first, a threshold issue of standing. For more than a decade the Malaysian Bar, together with certain former holders of high judicial and prosecutorial office who later assumed roles as private counsel and attorney general has functioned as a sustained and highly visible critic of successive governments associated with Datuk Seri Najib.
Their criticism frequently crossed the line from policy disagreement into the public imputation of criminality long before any court of competent jurisdiction had received admissible evidence or rendered judgment against Najib Razak.
When an institution that has itself operated as an unregistered political lobby now invokes the public interest to attack a decision of the Federal Territories Pardons Board, the claim of disinterested constitutional guardianship invites scrutiny.
Former attorney general of Malaysia a virulent critic of Najib Razak pictured here with terrorist leader Chin Peng
The Malaysian public is not a monolith; it is fractured precisely by the polarizing campaigns of the preceding years instituted by the Malaysian bar, its allies and foreign funders who have relentlessly attacked government and in particular Najib Razak accusing him and his family of criminality and unconstitutional conduct. Standing in public-interest litigation cannot be assumed merely because the applicant wears the mantle of the legal profession.
THE AGONG’S POWER TO GRANT CLEMENCY
More consequential still is the substantive question of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong’s power to grant clemency, and the extent to which that power is conditioned upon ministerial advice.
Article 42 of the Federal Constitution vests the prerogative of mercy in the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, exercisable on the advice of a Pardons Board.
The text does not, however, exhaustively define the consequences of any procedural irregularity in the taking of advice, nor does it resolve whether “minister” for this purpose means only Cabinet ministers holding portfolios or extends to a broader class of persons lawfully sworn to office. In a system whose interpretive methodology remains unsettled, these ambiguities are not technical footnotes; they determine whether the royal act stands or falls.
PERSUASIVE LESSONS THAT ARE INSTRUCTIVE
Here the British constitutional inheritance and Malaysia’s own constitutional history are decisive. Malaysia’s framework is not a pure separation-of-powers document in the American sense.
The English constitution, from which the Malaysian instrument is derived, has never recognized a rigid trichotomy of legislative, executive and judicial power.
The Sovereign remains a constituent part of the legislature, the formal font of justice, and the supreme executive authority. Ministers who conduct the government in the Sovereign’s name sit in Parliament.
Limitations upon the executive and the judiciary exist only because Parliament has chosen, for the time being, to allocate functions in a particular manner. Those limitations remain subject to parliamentary alteration; they do not constrain the ultimate residual authority of the Crown when the constitutional order itself is perceived to be in peril.
THE 1983 CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS – A WATERSHED MOMENT
The 1983 constitutional crisis supplies the most instructive domestic precedent. In that year the government of Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad tabled amendments designed to curtail the Rulers’ formal powers:
Article 66 was to be altered so that a Bill would be deemed assented to if the Yang di-Pertuan Agong failed to act within fifteen days, and Article 150 was to transfer the power to proclaim an emergency from the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to the Prime Minister.
The Bill passed both Houses with the requisite majorities. The Yang di-Pertuan Agong, supported by the Conference of Rulers, withheld assent. A prolonged confrontation followed. The eventual compromise, embodied in the Constitution (Amendment) Act 1984, preserved a limited residual role for the Yang di-Pertuan Agong in the legislative process (a time-bound power to return Bills with reasons) while explicitly tying the emergency power to Cabinet advice.
Critically, the crisis was resolved not by judicial declaration that any procedural shortcoming was fatal, but by political negotiation that recognized both the formal supremacy of Parliament and the residual prestige and authority of the Rulers.
STANDING ON CEREMONY IGNORING SUBSTANTIVE REALITIES
The episode demonstrated that the mere formality of ministerial advice, or any alleged irregularity in its taking, has never been treated in Malaysian practice as automatically invalidating the exercise of residual royal power. The absence of a rigid interpretive hierarchy allowed the political branches to accommodate competing claims of authority without collapsing the constitutional order.
Two twentieth-century Commonwealth episodes reinforce the same point. In Fiji after the 1987 coups and in Australia during the 1975 dismissal of the Whitlam government, representatives of the Crown acted in circumstances in which the ordinary chain of ministerial advice had been ruptured or was actively contested.
In both cases intense political controversy ensued, yet constitutional life continued. The formal requirements of advice were treated, in the moment of crisis, as secondary to the preservation of the underlying order.
THE KING CAN DO NO WRONG
The maxim, “the King can do no wrong” is not a license for arbitrary personal rule; it is a recognition that residual prerogative exists precisely for those rare junctures at which the ordinary machinery of ministerial responsibility cannot function or has itself become the source of dysfunction.
It further follows that any alleged failure by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to obtain advice in the precise form contemplated by statute does not automatically nullify the exercise of the prerogative of mercy.
The 1983–84 settlement itself shows that the Malaysian Constitution has long accommodated a calibrated relationship in which ministerial advice is the ordinary rule, yet residual royal authority is not extinguished by procedural pedantry.
THE DANGERS -ABSENT THE RULES OF CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION
In the absence of a clear constitutional hierarchy of interpretive principles, Malaysian courts must decide whether they will treat Article 42 and its related provisions as ordinary statutory text to be parsed with pedantic strictness, or as the expression of a residual sovereign authority whose exercise is reviewable only on the narrowest of grounds.
The choice is not neutral. To insist upon an inflexible requirement of advice in every circumstance is to import into the Malaysian Constitution a rigidity that its British progenitor never possessed, that the text itself does not impose, and that the 1983 crisis explicitly rejected in favour of pragmatic constitutional accommodation.
The present controversy therefore transcends the fortunes of any single individual. It forces the courts, the Bar, and the political nation to confront an unresolved tension at the heart of Malaysian constitutionalism: whether the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is merely a ceremonial cipher bound by the letter of every procedural prescription, or the ultimate guardian of a constitutional order that, in moments of acute strain, may require the exercise of powers that no statute has fully delimited.
AN INCONVENIENT TRUTH
The 1983 amendments and their aftermath established that ministerial influence over the Rulers is real and substantial, yet they also confirmed that residual royal power survives and that procedural formality is not invariably fatal.
Until the courts develop a coherent and publicly articulated approach to constitutional interpretation, something the text itself declines to supply, outcomes will continue to appear inconsistent, and the authority of both the Crown and the judiciary will remain subject to the very political contestation that the Constitution was intended, in part, to rise above.
TO DO WHAT IS RIGHT IS THE FIRST STEP TO REDEMPTION
Najib Razak, the former prime minister of Malaysia must be released immediately, lest this ugly precedent be visited on future governments and anyone else unfortunate enough to confront such an unenlightened lynch mob dressed in the mantle of the legal profession and the judiciary.
TABUNG HAJI – IS POLITICAL
Nurul Izzah Anwar’s assertion that the release of the Tabung Haji Royal Commission of Inquiry report is motivated solely by transparency, and is untainted by politics, strains credibility when set against the historical record.
Her father, Anwar Ibrahim, served as Finance Minister during a period in which the Malaysian banking and non-bank financial sector was already burdened by deep structural weaknesses, all of his own making.
Together with then-Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and their political allies, he showed no enthusiasm for a comparable independent inquiry into the earlier crisis that left substantial unfunded liabilities across the financial system. Tabung Haji the record shows was an institution burdened by Anwar’s incompetence and failures.
THOSE WHO FORGET THE PAST – COLLAPSE OF THE MALAYSIAN BANKING SYSTEM UNDER ANWAR.
At the centre of that episode stood practices within the insurance sector, notably those involving Mercantile Insurance Bhd and at least a dozen other general and life insurance companies and their related underwriters.
Large numbers of Chinese taxi and truck operators in the Kelang Valley, the Federal capital, Perak and Penang were being sold ‘cover notes’ through a network of insurance brokers all linked to each other.
A cover note is a temporary document issued by an insurer that serves as proof of active insurance coverage while the full policy paperwork is being processed. It acts as a “placeholder” policy, giving you immediate legal and financial protection until the official policy and certificate are delivered.
Issuing these on an extended basis to obtain cover the insured is fraud and a criminal offence. These cover notes never resulted in a paid insurance policy yet Mercantile and the other dozen or so insurers carried the risk and the financial burden whilst their directors raised money on inflated balance sheets and Anwar’s ministry conveniently looked the other way.
Insurers underwrote the risk while receiving only modest initial payments (if they did), yet continued to record the full liability on their balance sheets as if the premiums had already been earned.
When claims crystallized, the companies lacked the reserves to meet them. The result was a form of systematic under-capitalization that amounted, in substance, to fraud at an industrial level.
As Finance Minister at the time, Anwar stood at the very epicenter of these events. The regulation of banking and finance, and the oversight thereof, lay squarely within his responsibility. Mercantile’s liabilities alone already exceeded MYR 1 billion by 1990. Had the gathering pressures that precipitated the Asian currency crisis not intervened, the ensuing collapse and the consequent damage to the economy would have been immeasurably more severe, catastrophic beyond measure.
A CAST OF THOUSANDS LINKED TO WONDER BOY ANWAR IBRAHIM
Among those associated with the sector were political figures of standing. Datuk Liew Sip Hon, a former Deputy Finance Minister, sat on relevant boards. Other ministers, including Rafidah Aziz and Samy Vellu, maintained connections and operated similar ruses, sometimes through nominees, with banks, finance companies and large corporations whose governance was compromised.
These arrangements were not obscure. In the course of a pre-purchase due diligence exercise authorised by the owners of HIH and FAI Insurance in Australia, auditors and a small investigative team were provided confidential internal reports authored by Arthur Andersen, Bank Negara Malaysia and Mercantile Insurance by Datuk Liew Sip Hon himself.
Those documents laid bare the risks and the scale of the liabilities amounting to grievous criminal conduct by directors and by implication willful negligence and complicity on the part of Anwar. The evidence existed; it was simply never subjected to the kind of public, independent scrutiny now being applied to Tabung Haji.
Anwar Ibrahim presided over a financial and governance leviathan of his own creation. The consequences of his dereliction of duty did not merely ripple outward; they seeded a durable culture of rogue financiers, corporate buccaneers, and unaccountable professional stewards, lawyers and accountants alike. Their excesses can be traced, with chilling directness, to the building construction and residential housing collapse of 1996 -1998.
TURN A BLIND EYE- IT’LL GO AWAY
Malaysia’s investigative press, meanwhile, proved unequal to the task. Whether through self-censorship, political pressure, financial inducement or simple professional failure, the major outlets declined to pursue the story with the rigour it demanded. The worms remained in he woodwork.
The contrast is therefore stark. An administration that once showed little appetite for examining the consequences of poorly supervised financial practices under its own watch now presents the Tabung Haji RCI as an act of pure principle.
Selective accountability of this kind does not enhance public trust; it erodes it. If transparency is the standard, it must be applied consistently, not only when it is politically convenient.
DIPPING INTO THE GOVERNMENT TILL- AN ANWAR STAPLE
AirAsia, upon the departure of its largest external shareholder, Sir Richard Branson’s Virgin Group, found itself technically insolvent in 2014. Confronted with rapidly escalating obligations arising from aircraft leases and purchases, the airline secured governmental assurances at a moment when Airbus, locked in fierce contest with Boeing for global market supremacy, was extending unusually generous commercial terms to carriers willing to expand its fleet presence.
TABUNG HAJI A SOFT ‘MUSLIM’ TARGET – ITS WHAT IT IS ALL ABOUT
There are several more Malaysian Corporations that have burdened the Malaysian government with debt without the public being informed of it. Tabung Haji is a soft target. It is Muslim and largely Malay, by that ‘stain,’ a more readily available ‘red herring‘ and ‘whipping boy’ for the likes of Anwar to dangle before a public hurting under his economic policies. Anwar created the problem when Finance Minister under Dr. Mahathir.
Some analysts say the governments’ selective and undisclosed underwriting of companies like Air Asia is significantly larger than what Najib is said to have ‘stolen’ from 1MDB. Yet and inspite of the evidence, there is not even a slap on the wrist for Air Asia’s regulatory failures.
These are debts that were incurred by Air Asia then passed on to a ‘willing’ Malaysian government without proper authority or right to encumber treasury; This and other acts of generosity extended to companies including YTL and PKFZ need a Royal Commission which will not happen during Anwar’s tenure. This is because many of these roads will inevitably lead to Anwar as Finance Minister and people like former Trade Minister Rafidah Aziz.
Rafidah Aziz – Minister of Trade and ‘Go to’ Minister during the Mahathir Anwar Era of Easy Fixes
Rafidah sought and secured for herself a board appointment at Air Asia. It is widely believed that she aided Air Asia in successfully extracting official undertakings that effectively converted a substantial portion of AirAsia’s private indebtedness into quasi-sovereign obligations. She is not alone.
Remarkably, neither the market, the regulators, nor even Bursa Malaysia appeared to register or question these arrangements. AirAsia had, for a considerable period, failed to meet its statutory filing requirements with the exchange and the nation’s corporate oversight authorities.
UPDATE ON THE NEGRI SEMBILAN ELECTIONS – ITS A BARISAN TSUNAMI 10.00PM
“A Politician can fool some people, or fool all of them in some places and times, but they can’t fool all people in all places and all of the time” – Abraham Lincoln.
Anwar Ibrahim and his Daughter/ Deputy Leader of PH- Trojans Falling like Dominos.
The people of Malaysia (its lawful custodians, the Malays) have begun to awaken once more in concerted resolve. They are not merely rising up against distant foreign foundations, the Soros’ the Clintons, or the National Endowment for Democracy, but against the domestic agents who advance their designs.
A activist academic from the University of Malaya speaking on condition of anonymity said thus on reading Nurul Izzah’s statement that ‘the Tabung Haji report is not political but about transparency’:
” It is incumbent upon UMNO and the Barisan to identify, deal with and expel these subversives masquerading as reformers: Bersih, Anwar, the Malaysian Bar and a tainted activist judiciary, collectively functioning as unregistered political formations and foreign agents, bent on undermining the constitutional order, constitute a threat to Malaysia greater than that posed by the Malayan Communist Party decades ago”.
These actors constitute, in substance, a contemporary analogue to ISIS, a communal peril that corrodes the foundations of democratic governance and imperils the integrity of the state itself. Lee Kuan Yew once warned of the dangers of these groups.
NAJIB: US GOVT. LEAKS – A PANDORA’S BOX
WASHINGTON IS “DRAINING THE SWAMP” BEFORE THE MID TERMS
UNRAVELLING A PLOT FROM BEYOND AND WITHIN
As the first fissures appear in a carefully constructed edifice of silence, a cascade of leaked information is beginning to identify and name those who engineered a systematic destabilization of Malaysia.
The usual external suspects are no longer alone; the net now draws in figures of influence within the nation’s own institutions, men and women who were handsomely compensated to obscure the true provenance of multimillion-dollar transfers originating principally from the European Union (France, the United Kingdom and Germany foremost among them) and the United States. Australian names and institutions surface with particular clarity, reaching as high as a former Minister for Foreign Affairs and two former Prime Ministers.
This is not advocacy on behalf of Datuk Seri Najib Razak. It is the methodical unravelling of a network of high-placed insurgents who, during the Obama – Clinton presidency and in the years that preceded it, worked to undermine Malaysia (and a number of other developing nations) at the behest of American strategic interests.
Where Malaysian actors are concerned, the offences rise beyond sedition to the graver charge of treason. The reason so few voices within government ever rose in protest is now starkly apparent: many of those same officials had themselves become recipients of the same tainted foreign funds and become active participants in the orchestrated overthrow of the Barisan Nasional administration in 2018. It was a coup by any other name.
THERE IS NO IMPUNITY OR IMMUNITY FOR PROXIES OF THE US –WHEN THEY CUT AND RUN
It is relevantly necessary, and the hour has come for Datuk Seri Najib Razak to be released from incarceration so that he may pursue a proper and fair appeal and a full review of the case, or cases, arrayed against him.
The evidence is appallingly clear that there was a conspiracy against Najib Razak and the Barisan hatched by foreign actors (The NED admitted to it in an online video released 2 years ago) and executed by their regional and local proxies.
It is all the more evident that this matter can neither be disregarded nor discreetly consigned to oblivion if the integrity of Malaysia together with that of its public institutions, above all its judiciary, and the very sovereignty of the nation, is to be redeemed and preserved.
Disgraced Former US Attorney General Loretta Lynch- Under Investigation
In light of the manner in which the 1MDB trial was conducted, and of the revelations concerning the criminality of Hillary Clinton, of Barack Obama’s Attorney General Loretta Lynch, and the FBI in this and related affairs, most notably their intimidation of foreign leaders and their efforts to destabilize governments through regime-change initiatives, it is not merely Najib Razak who now stands in the dock, but Malaysia’s integrity itself and that of its institutions.
This is neither an assertion of guilt nor a defence of innocence on behalf of Najib Razak, nor does it claim to constitute evidence or proof of either. That is for a more impartial, independent and and apolitical tribunal to decide. This is, rather, a measured recognition that he was denied a fair trial, stripped of due process, and deprived of the constitutional protections to which every citizen is entitled, and a stark indictment of the system that engineered that denial.
The leaks show that those who orchestrated this judicial and political coup included, senior figures within the legal profession, the Attorney General then in office, and the judiciary itself. They are answerable by implication of their conduct or through their silence or direct participation in the distortions of the 1MDB facts.
FOREIGN INTERFERENCE
According to a leaked memorandum purportedly authored by a former Australian Foreign Minister, that Foreign Minister acted in concert with Malaysia’s own Minister of Foreign Affairs (serving under the Najib Razak government in 2016) and a group of foreign proxies calling themselves NGO’s to bring down the Barisan and Najib Razak. She was photographed with members of this group in or around 2016 following a meeting in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.
Incriminating documentary evidence was leaked to a journalist in Washington by a source within the Trump administration, a government under severe internal strain, and intent upon discrediting the Democratic Party and its international network of clients and proxies (“Draining the Swamp”).
These proxies are linked to a network of insurgents connected to the Clinton Foundation, the Soros Foundation, the NED and other Regime Change groups with a nexus to Loretta Lynch and through her to sections of the FBI under her, extending to theatres as far-flung as Libya, Tunisia, Egypt, Ukraine, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and Thailand.
President Trump now wants to Drain the Swamp completely before the Mid Terms come calling at his door.
A PATTERN OF DECEPTION AND INTIMIDATION ORCHESTRATED BY THE CLINTON‘S AND OBAMA’S.
According to these leaks, a succession of Australian prime ministers and foreign ministers, Julia Gillard, Julie Bishop, Kevin Rudd, Malcolm Turnbull, and Tony Abbott, collectively authorized the diversion of more than three hundred million dollars ($300,000,000) in Australian taxpayers’ money to underwrite Hillary Clinton’s unsuccessful 2016 presidential campaign without the informed consent of the Australian public.
The arrangement uncannily mirrored the earlier channeling of funds by the Clinton Foundation and the NED into Bersih, a Regime Change proxy in Malaysia,: monies re routed through the Selangor State Executive Council and unlawfully into Bersih’s coffers. It was done to camouflage the money trail from the US and Europe in support of successive Bersih rallies and was expressly intended to undermine and ultimately unseat the Barisan Nasional government and its prime minister Najib Razak.
LIES DAMMNED LIES AND VIDEO TAPE
In a recorded interview whose partial remnant still flickers on YouTube, while the complete version is said to repose in private archives and in American governmental files touching the Clintons’ alleged regime-change operations, Ambiga Srinivasan, the lawyer and former president of the Malaysian Bar who led Bersih (an anti-government body and unregistered political party domiciled in Switzerland), acknowledges that the sums in question formed part of a “larger project” directed against the Barisan government.
Those same files, according to the unfolding narrative, further chronicle a systematic campaign of intimidation directed by Hillary Clinton, then Secretary of State (2009–2013), against foreign heads of state, all in pursuit of more than a billion dollars in purported campaign “donations” for her ultimately unsuccessful 2016 presidential bid.
Leaders who declined to channel funds through to the Clinton Foundation, the designated conduit for these “donations”, found themselves subjected to orchestrated regime-change operations: riots, deliberate destabilization, and political upheavals, all amplified by robust Western media endorsement, as vividly illustrated in the case of Najib’s ouster in Malaysia, leaks that caused the deaths of 4 CIA officers in Benghazi and the brutal murder of former Libyan leader Muammar Ghaddafi in 2011.
A CAMPAIGN OF INTIMIDATION THREATS AND POLITICAL BLACKMAIL -ALL ON BOARD
What was taking shape was and remains a portrait of coordinated deception: a sustained campaign of falsehood and betrayal, orchestrated from within both the old Barisan Nasional establishment and elements of the opposition, abetted by a network of American-funded non-governmental organizations, all directed toward the calculated framing of Najib Razak and defeating of the Barisan through unlawful and undemocratic means.
Restricting our analysis solely to the Malaysian context, Zeti Akhtar Aziz, the former Governor of Bank Negara Malaysia, long suspected of complicity in the 1MDB scandal, has been identified among the beneficiaries of funding from the National Endowment for Democracy and affiliated neo-conservative channels, disbursed via intermediaries.
Zeti Akhtar Aziz, the former Governor of Bank Negara Malaysia
Evidence suggests that Zeti knowingly participated in a pivotal act of evidentiary deception that enabled the transfer of a substantial sum of money into Najib Razak’s personal account, the very “smoking gun” that secured his conviction. Remarkably, the trial judge never demanded forensic accounting from the prosecution to corroborate such critically vital evidence used to convict Najib Razak. That omission of itself by the presiding judge and subsequent judges in the slew of cases against Najib Razak suggests bias and a willful vandalization of the defence and trial.
Such a request at least to corroborate an allegation of the nature against Najib Razak is a basic safeguard any vigilant adjudicator would have demanded in a case of such magnitude. It was absent in Najib’s trials.
Instead, the prosecution, and, by their silence, the judiciary, amplified the narrative through the Wall Street Journal and a constellation of NED-funded outlets, including MalaysiaKini, an Open Society and NED-backed regime-change vehicle.
UMNO PRIMED FOR A FALL BY JOHN MALLOT
A number of others including UMNO officials are also identified as having accepted cash, gifts, fully funded overseas travel, and the convenient suspension or quashing of investigations and judgments that had hung over them in exchange for their participation in the conviction of Najib Razak in the 1MDB affair.
Former MACC Chief Abu Kassim Mohamed who turned on Najib
Many of these beneficiaries stood close to Najib when he was prime minister till the pressure was ratcheted up against them. Notably amongst this group was Abu Kassim Mohamed a former head of Malaysia’s Anti Corruption Commission who turned coat against Najib Razak.
Abu Kassim Mohamed’s removal was recast by his supporters as ‘punishment’ for being independent on the job. There is no evidence to support that view. An illegal phone tap of Najib and Rosma Mansor’s phones by Kassim was part of the untested evidence admitted by the courts to assist with a conviction against Najib Razak. There was an insider withing the Najib Razak household who aided in that tap and continued to assist Najib’s enemies in ensnaring him and his wife Rosma Mansor.
THE DEEPEST CUT OF ALL– ANOTHER MALAY DILEMMA
The most wounding revelation, if the emerging material is to be credited, is that Dr Mahathir Mohamad may have been not merely a passive participant but one of the principal architects of the conspiracy to isolate, destroy the Barisan Nasional and imprison his successor Najib Razak.
The details of Dr. Mahathir’s alleged betrayal and participation in Najib Razak’s downfall although quite closely held is said to have been tied to his daughter’s links to various Regime Change groups and their activities and former Minister of Transport under Mahathir-the late Ling Liong Sik. Mahathir himself was careful to not leave any evidence of his direct involvement in any of these matters.
The late Ling Liong Sik (pictured above ) One time Deputy PM, Minister for Transport-embroiled in a $7 billion scandal over the PKFZ Admitted to having been trained at Camp Langley (CIA HQ) where he had “very influential contacts”- A confidant of former Prime Minister Mahathir and a sworn enemy of Najib for not intervening on his behalf in the PKFZ trial
JUSTICE TO THE HIGHEST BIDDER–LET THEM THAT IS WITHOUT SIN
Julie Bishop pictured here with Regime Changers Marina Mahathir and Ambiga Srinivasan
Payments to an academic at the University of Tasmania, presented as a Malaysia specialist, took the form of honoraria for lectures and public appearances, together with commissioned articles. These arrangements were facilitated by a foreign researcher holding a post at a Taiwanese university, whose explicit purpose appears to have been the sustained disparagement of the Malaysian government throughout Najib’s tenure, a campaign that continues to this day.
At least three Australian universities are implicated, foremost among them the Australian National University, whose Chancellor until recently was Julie Bishop, former Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Australia. Bishop’s abrupt departure from that office was framed as a resignation; in reality her tenure was truncated.
Bishop’s name has long been associated with opaque if not outright illegal financial arrangements. Persistent reports speak of substantial sums channeled through the Chinese-Australian businessman Chau Chak Wing (also rendered Huang in certain accounts), a figure subsequently declared persona non grata by Australia, allegedly routed via Tony Abbott’s political network in support of Bishop’s and Abbott’s 2013 re-election campaign.
More serious are claims that Bishop received in excess of US$1.5 million, allegedly originating with the National Endowment for Democracy and funneled through Macau casino intermediaries, at precisely the moment she lent public weight to the campaign against Najib.
Whether every detail of these accounts survives scrutiny is almost secondary; the lingering odour of impropriety has never been dispelled by official silence.
OF JUDGES-ACADMICS AND THE EXECUTIVE
The precise roles of former attorney general Tommy Thomas, the late Justice Gopal Sri Ram, Judge Siqueira, Chief Justice Tengku Maimun binti Tuan Mat, the leadership of Bersih and C4, and academics such as Professor Ball of the University of London and several others from the University of Malaya remain sharply defined in the material so far available. Each is identified as compromised.
Warranting a mention in particular, Tengku Maimun is widely regarded by independent observers as having performed a judicial hatchet job, driven by the fear that a foreign silk retained for Najib’s defence would have torn open the entire conspiracy linking local adversaries to the NED-funded regime-change apparatus.
No less prominent on this list is one Bridget Welsh a ‘researcher’ at a Taiwanese university who described as being a key author of NED funded and directed Regime Change narratives and scripts used by Malaysians involved in the overthrow of Barisan and Najib Razak.
There is sufficient material though to implicate each of these individuals in a conspiracy. 4 Judges, 2 serving and 2 retired (one deceased) have also been identified in the leaks as having been ‘compromised’ (paid) to comment adversely and to use their ‘judicial discretion’ to ignore serious allegations, charges and misconduct amounting to misleading the court against Regime Changers (US proxies) and lawyers involved in the Bersih anti government actions.
TRUMP’S KAMIKAZE APPROACH TO THE MID TERMS- THE FLAMETHROW APPROACH
What is unfolding is therefore larger than the fate of one Malaysian leader. It is the exposure of a transnational architecture of influence, influence-peddling and institutional capture. And it arrives at a moment when the present American administration appears determined to deploy every instrument at its disposal against its domestic political adversaries before the mid-term elections.
